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University of California San Francisco
Patient Education

Skin Cancer Prevention

Related Conditions
Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Melanoma

Skin cancer 很大程度上是可以预防的,而且如果发现得早,通常是可以治愈的. Since most skin cancers are linked to sun exposure, 外出时采取预防措施是很重要的, no matter what time of year. 过多的阳光会增加患皮肤癌的风险,导致皮肤过早老化.

如果你计划在阳光下呆20分钟以上,就涂上防晒霜. 一定要检查你的皮肤,定期去看皮肤科6686体育.

Stay Safe in the Sun

大部分的阳光照射发生在18岁之前,皮肤癌可能需要20年或更长时间才能发展. 无论你晒太阳的日子已经过去,还是你仍然花时间追求完美的古铜色皮肤, you should be concerned about skin cancer.

Remember, the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays can reflect off water, sand, concrete and snow, and can reach below the water's surface. Certain types of UV light penetrate fog and clouds, so it's possible to get sunburn even on overcast days.

  • 在日照高峰期(一般为10 a),应尽量避免阳光直射.m. to 3 p.m., or seek shade during this part of day.
  • 涂抹防晒系数至少30的广谱防晒霜,同时含有UVA和UVB防护. 在标签上寻找类似帕索1789(也被称为阿伏苯宗)或二氧化钛的成分.
  • Reapply sunscreen frequently, at least every two hours when outdoors, especially if you perspire or you've been swimming. 你最好的选择是选择更容易粘在皮肤上的防水产品.
  • Wear lip balm with an SPF 15 or higher.
  • 在阳光下戴上帽子和其他防护服. 紧密编织的纤维和深色的衣服通常能提供更多的保护. 同时,寻找经美国皮肤病学会认可的产品.
  • Wear UV-protective sunglasses.

If you're taking an antibiotic or other medications, 询问你的6686体育或护士,它是否会增加你的皮肤对阳光的敏感性.

Continue reading

Determine Your Skin Cancer Risk

The guidelines above apply to everyone, 但某些人患皮肤癌的风险更高,因此应特别注意晒太阳.

If any of the descriptions below apply to you, 每年找皮肤科6686体育做一次全身检查. Skin cancer risk is cumulative. 你的危险因素越多,一生中受到的阳光伤害越多,你的风险就越高.

Skin cancer risk factors include:

  • 个人皮肤癌或癌前病变史
  • Tendency to freckle or burn easily
  • Lots of sun exposure throughout your life
  • Many sunburns as a child or adolescent
  • Family history of skin cancer (such as melanoma)或更容易发展成皮肤癌的hg6686体育, 如发育不良痣综合征或大量非典型痣
  • Chronic, non-healing wounds or burn injuries
  • Radiation therapy
  • Exposure to toxic materials, such as arsenic
  • 暴露于某些亚型人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV). HPV 6,11,16和18已经被证实与 squamous cell carcinoma, especially in patients with compromised immune systems.
  • Organ transplant 服用免疫抑制药物的患者患皮肤癌的风险增加

Do Regular Skin Self-Exams

皮肤癌预防和检测的一个重要部分是学会识别可能癌变的皮肤变化,并提醒你的6686体育任何可疑的痣.

  • 定期进行彻底的皮肤检查,最好每月一次. 在一个灯火通明的房间里,对着一面全身镜子做这个吗.
  • 仔细检查你的全身,注意任何新的或可疑的痣.
  • 一些人发现,通过创建“身体地图”或“鼹鼠地图”来记录他们的自我检查结果很有帮助."
  • 用手镜观察困难的部位,比如头皮顶部或腿后部.
  • 让你的配偶或亲密的朋友或家庭成员努力检查看清楚.

Know the ABCs of Melanoma

Knowing the "ABCs" or signs of melanoma, the most deadly type of skin cancer, can help you catch it early when it is most curable.

  • A (Asymmetry) 黑色素瘤的边界通常不对称,而良性的痣通常是对称的.
  • B (Border irregularity)黑色素瘤的边缘通常呈锯齿状,而良性的痣通常没有.
  • C (Color)黑色素瘤通常包含多个深浅的棕色或黑色在一个痣, whereas benign moles are generally one shade.
  • D (Diameter)早期黑色素瘤通常为6mm或更大,而良性痣一般小于6mm.
  • E (Evolution)随着时间的推移,痣的对称性、边界、颜色或直径都会发生变化.

ABCDE规则是黑色素瘤常见症状的一个很好的指南. 通知你的初级保健6686体育或皮肤科6686体育,如果你发现符合下面的描述. 有些黑色素瘤不符合ABCDE规则,所以要注意皮肤上的变化.

Know How to Recognize Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed skin cancer. In recent years, 被诊断出患有这种皮肤癌的年轻女性人数有了惊人的增长, 而这一增长被归咎于日光浴和日光浴沙龙的流行.

基底细胞癌很少是致命的,通常不会扩散, 但重要的是要在早期发现它,这样手术切除尽可能是非侵入性的.

基底细胞癌发生在阳光暴晒的地方,通常看起来像粉红色的肿块,具有以下特征:

  • Pearly or waxy appearance
  • Sunken center
  • Irregular blood vessels on the surface
  • Tendency to bleed easily after injury

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma 皮肤癌是仅次于基底细胞癌的第二常见类型吗. 它很少是致命的,但如果不及早发现,可能会传播或复发.

Squamous cell carcinoma is often found on the head, hands, ears, back of neck and forearms — areas with more sun exposure. 如果下面的任何描述适用于你,请检查一下.

  • Raised, dull-red skin lesion
  • Thick crusted scale
  • Ulcerated appearance

UCSF健康医学专家已经审阅了这些信息. 它仅用于教育目的,不打算取代您的6686体育或其他卫生保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论任何问题或担忧.

Recommended reading

FAQ: Melanoma

Commonly asked questions regarding Melanoma including, general information, seriousness, causes, malignancy, cure and prevention, and more.

Key treatments

  • Mohs Micrographic Surgery

Related clinics

Dermatologic Surgery and Laser Center

1701 Divisadero St.
San Francisco, CA 94115

(415) 353-7878
M-F, 8 a.m. - 5 p.m.

Melanoma & Skin Cancer Center

Bakar Precision Cancer Medicine Building

1825 Fourth Street, Third Floor
San Francisco, CA 94158

(415) 353-9900

Attention: Masks On!

如果你是我们6686体育或诊所的病人或访客, you're required to wear a mask indoors.

DId you know?

Thanks to UCSF's Center for Advanced 3D+ Technologies, 我们的外科6686体育在做第一个切口之前很久就能做出病人解剖的精确复制品. 当外科6686体育手里拿着你的心脏或骨头的模型, 他们可以根据你的精确需求定制最复杂的程序.

Learn more
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